The Batch API is a powerful feature in Drupal that allows complex or time consuming tasks to be split into smaller parts.

For example, let's say you wanted to run a function that would go through every page on you Drupal site and perform an action. This might be removing specific authors from pages, or removing links in text, or deleting certain taxonomy terms. You might create a small loop that just loads all pages and performs the action on those pages.

This is normally fine on sites that have a small number of pages (i.e. less than 100). But what happens when the site has 10,000 pages, or a million? Your little loop will soon hit the limits of PHP execution times or memory limits and cause the script to be terminated. How do you know how far your loop progressed through the data? What happens if you tried to restart the loop?

The Batch API in Drupal solves these problems by splitting this task into parts so that rather than run a single process to change all the pages at the same time. When the batch runs a series of smaller tasks (eg. just 50 pages at a time) are progressed until the task is complete. This means that you don't hit the memory or timeout limits of PHP and the task finishes successfully and in a predictable way. Rather than run the operation in a single page request the Batch API allows the operation to be run through lots of little page request, each of which nibbles away at the task until it is complete.

This technique can be used any a variety of different situations. Many contributed modules in Drupal make use of this feature to prevent processes taking too long.

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Building a custom Drupal theme nowadays is a more complex process than it used to be. Most themes require some kind of build tool such as Gulp, Grunt, Webpack or others to automate many of the repeatitive tasks we perform when working on the front-end. Tasks like compiling and minifying code, compressing images, linting code, and many more. As Atomic Web Design became a thing, things got more complicated because now if you are building components you need a styleguide or Design System to showcase and maintain those components. One of those design systems for me has been Patternlab. I started using Patternlab in all my Drupal projects almost ten years ago with great success. In addition, Patternlab has been the design system of choice at my place of work but one of my immediate tasks was to work on migrating to a different design system. We have a small team but were very excited about the challenge of finding and using a more modern and robust design system for our large multi-site Drupal environment.

Enter Storybook

After looking a various options for a design system, Storybook seemed to be the right choice for us for a couple of reasons: one, it has been around for about 10 years and during this time it has matured significantly, and two, it has become a very popular option in the Drupal ecosystem. In some ways, Storybook follows the same model as Drupal, it has a pretty active community and a very healthy ecosystem of plugins to extend its core functionality.

Storybook looks very promising as a design system for Drupal projects and with the recent release of Single Directory Components or SDC, and the new Storybook module, we think things can only get better for Drupal front-end development. Unfortunately for us, technical limitations in combination with our specific requirements, prevented us from using SDC or the Storybook module. Instead, we built our environment from scratch with a stand-alone integration of Storybook 8.

Our process and requirements

In choosing Storybook, we went through a rigorous research and testing process to ensure it will not only solve our immediate problems with our current environment, but it will be around as a long term solution. As part of this process, we also tested several available options like Emulsify and Gesso which would be great options for anyone looking for a ready-to-go system out of the box. Some of our requirements included:

1. No components refactoring

The first and non-negotiable requirement was to be able to migrate components from Patternlab to a new design system with the least amount of refactoring as possible. We have a decent amount of components which have been built within the last year and the last thing we wanted was to have to rebuild them again because we are switching design system.

2. A new Front-end build workflow

I personally have been faithful to Gulp as a front-end build tool for as long as I can remember because it did everything I needed done in a very efficient manner. The Drupal project we maintain also used Gulp, but as part of this migration, we wanted to see what other options were out there that could improve our workflow. The obvious choice seemed to be Webpack, but as we looked closer into this we learned about ViteJS, "The Next Genration Frontend Tooling". Vite delivers on its promise of being "blazing fast", and its ecosystem is great and growing, so we went with it.

3. No more Sass in favor of PostCSS

CSS has drastically improved in recent years. It is now possible with plain CSS, to do many of the things you used to be able to only do with Sass or similar CSS Preprocessor. Eliminating Sass from our workflow meant we would also be able to get rid of many other node dependencies related to Sass. The goal for this project was to use plain CSS in combination with PostCSS and one bonus of using Vite is that Vite offers PostCSS processing out of the box without additional plugins or dependencies. Ofcourse if you want to do more advance PostCSS processing you will probably need some external dependencies.

Building a new Drupal theme with Storybook

Let's go over the steps to building the base of your new Drupal theme with ViteJS and Storybook. This will be at a high-level to callout only the most important and Drupal-related parts. This process will create a brand new theme. If you already have a theme you would like to use, make the appropriate changes to the instructions.

1. Setup Storybook with ViteJS

ViteJS

• In your Drupal project, navigate to the theme's directory (i.e. /web/themes/custom/)
• Run the following command:

• When prompted, select the framework of your choice, for us the framework is React.
• When prompted, select the variant for your project, for us this is JavaScript

After the setup finishes you will have a basic Vite project running.

Storybook

• Be sure your system is running NodeJS version 18 or higher
• Inside the newly created theme, run this command:

• After installation completes, you will have a new Storybook instance running
• If Storybook didn't start on its own, start it by running:

TwigJS

Twig templates are server-side templates which are normally rendered with TwigPHP to HTML by Drupal, but Storybook is a JS tool. TwigJS is the JS-equivalent of TwigPHP so that Storybook understands Twig. Let's install all dependencies needed for Storybook to work with Twig.

• If Storybook is still running, press Ctrl + C to stop it
• Then run the following command:

• vite-plugin-twig-drupal: If you are using Vite like we are, this is a Vite plugin that handles transforming twig files into a Javascript function that can be used with Storybook. This plugin includes the following:
  • Twig or TwigJS: This is the JavaScript implementation of the Twig PHP templating language. This allows Storybook to understand Twig.
    Note: TwigJS may not always be in sync with the version of Twig PHP in Drupal and you may run into issues when using certain Twig functions or filters, however, we are adding other extensions that may help with the incompatability issues.
  • drupal attribute: Adds the ability to work with Drupal attributes.
• twig-drupal-filters: TwigJS implementation of Twig functions and filters.
• html-react-parser: This extension is key for Storybook to parse HTML code into react elements.
• @modifi/vite-plugin-yaml: Transforms a YAML file into a JS object. This is useful for passing the component's data to React as args.

ViteJS configuration

Update your vite.config.js so it makes use of the new extensions we just installed as well as configuring the namesapces for our components.

Storybook configuration

Out of the box, Storybook comes with main.js and preview.js inside the .storybook directory. These two files is where a lot of Storybook's configuration is done. We are going to define the location of our components, same location as we did in vite.config.js above (we'll create this directory shortly). We are also going to do a quick config inside preview.js for handling drupal filters.

• Inside .storybook/main.js file, update the stories array as follows:

• Inside .storybook/preview.js, update it as follows:

Creating the components directory

• If Storybook is still running, press Ctrl + C to stop it
• Inside the src directory, create the components directory. Alternatively, you could rename the existing stories directory to components.

Creating your first component

With the current system in place we can start building components. We'll start with a very simple component to try things out first.

• Inside src/components, create a new directory called title
• Inside the title directory, create the following files: title.yml and title.twig

Writing the code

• Inside title.yml, add the following:

• Inside title.twig, add the following:

We have a simple title component that will print a title of anything you want. The level key allows us to change the heading level of the title (i.e. h1, h2, h3, etc.), and the modifier key allows us to pass a modifier class to the component, and the url will be helpful when our title needs to be a link to another page or component.

Currently the title component is not available in storybook. Storybook uses a special file to display each component as a story, the file name is component-name.stories.jsx.

• Inside title create a file called title.stories.jsx
• Inside the stories file, add the following:

• If Storybook is running you should see the title story. See example below:
• Otherwise start Storybook by running:

With Storybook running, the title component should look like the image below:

The controls highlighted at the bottom of the title allow you to change the values of each of the fields for the title.

I wanted to start with the simplest of components, the title, to show how Storybook, with help from the extensions we installed, understands Twig. The good news is that the same approach we took with the title component works on even more complex components. Even the React code we wrote does not change much on large components.

In the next blog post, we will build more components that nest smaller components, and we will also add Drupal related parts and configuration to our theme so we can begin using the theme in a Drupal site. Finally, we will integrate the components we built in Storybook with Drupal so our content can be rendered using the component we're building. Stay tuned. For now, if you want to grab a copy of all the code in this post, you can do so below.

Download the code

Resources

• Storybook docs
• How to write stories
• Single Directory Components
• Storybook Drupal module

In closing

Getting to this point was a team effort and I'd like to thank Chaz Chumley, a Senior Software Engineer, who did a lot of the configuration discussed in this post. In addition, I am thankful to the Emulsify and Gesso teams for letting us pick their brains during our research. Their help was critical in this process.

I hope this was helpful and if there is anything I can help you with in your journey of a Storybook-friendly Drupal theme, feel free to reach out.

If you have read my posts about responsive images you will know I have done quite a bit of work with Drupal media and in particular, images. However, I recently ran into an issue I had not experienced before and it was quite challenging to comprehend. The issue was related to image cropping.
In our Drupal platform we allow content editors to manually crop images using a hand-full of crop types for various aspect ratios such as 1:1, 3:4, 4:3, 16:9, etc. To achieve the manual crop we use the Crop API and Image Widget Crop Drupal modules.

The issue we started noticing is that no matter the image we were using, all cropping settings were limited to a predefined aspect ratio of 1:1 or square, rather than the original image's aspect ratio. This was causing big problems for us because editors were not able to properly crop images and as a result images were rendered with odd cropping settings.

After some research, I found an issue that had been reported in the Image Widget Crop module, issue #3222406. This was exactly the issue we were having and was relieved it wasn't something unique to our platform.

Cause of the issue

Looking back, I think this issue was partly of my own making, but seeing that others were experiencing the same it's also possible it was just an odd bug. Long story short, the issue was caused by using an image style with specific hard dimension, as the crop preview image, See Fig. 1 below.

Fig. 1: Screenshot of Crop preview configuration.

You may not know this but you can change image styles for almost any image within Drupal's admin. I recently completed a lot of work around image styles within our platform and perhaps I unknowingly changed the image style used by Drupal's crop preview. I can't say for sure.

Solution

The issue was not so much the aspect ratio used in the image style used as the crop preview, but rather the hard dimensions of the image style. These dimensions were forcing all images, regardless of their aspect ratio, to use the square aspect ratio as the starting point for cropping, rather than the original image.
The solution is to use an image style that uses the Scale image effect, as the crop preview. The Scale image effect does not require image dimensions and thus allows your cropping area to always reset to the original image.

If you read comment #5 in the issue page you will see juamerico explanation of the issue in more detail and what he did to fix it.

Steps taken to address the issue

1. I created a new image style called Crop preview with the Scale image effect as well as using a wide aspect ratio or crop type such as 16:9.
2. I configured the Manage form display for the Image media type (admin/structure/media/manage/image/form-display), so it uses the new image style I just created. See Fig. 2 below

Fig. 2: Screenshot of Manage form display settings for images.

With the changes to the Crop preview image style, every time you crop the image you are dealing with the original image rather than an already cropped image.

In closing

The main reason for writing about this topic is so I know what to do next time I run into this issue. I hope you find this helpful.

Here's what I've been working on for my LocalGov Drupal contributions this week. Thanks to Big Blue Door for sponsoring the time to work on these.

Here's what I've been working on for my Drupal contributions this week. Thanks to Code Enigma for sponsoring the time to work on these.

We're excited to announce that "Drupal CMS" will be the official name for the product developed by the Drupal Starshot Initiative.

The name "Drupal CMS" was chosen after user testing with both newcomers and experienced users. This name consistently scored highest across all tested groups, including marketers unfamiliar with Drupal.

Participants appreciated the clarity it brings:

Having the words CMS in the name will make it clear what the product is. People would know that Drupal was a content management system by the nature of its name, rather than having to ask what Drupal is.

I'm a designer familiar with the industry, so the term CMS or content management system is the term or phrase that describes this product most accurately in my opinion. I think it is important to have CMS in the title.

The name "Drupal Starshot" will remain an internal code name until the first release of Drupal CMS, after which it will most likely be retired.

The ambitious Drupal Starshot Initiative aims to build the new default download of Drupal, called Drupal CMS. Dries Buytaert announced it at DrupalCon Portland 2024. DrupalCon Barcelona provides a midway checkpoint in how far the teams got with the goals and the program will be packed with opportunities to get information and join the initiative.

Dries will provide an overall update in his Driesnote on Tuesday. This is a must see session! But the event will provide ample opportunities to get to know how each component is going. The following sessions are highly suggested.

A cornerstone of the experience is UI based installation of functionality. This is powered by the Recipes feature, which supports packages of functionality and configuration. Martin Anderson-Clutz and Mark Casias will present the Drupal Recipes Initiative Update. Recipes and other functionality are installed with Project Browser. Get insights into progress on that at Project Browser: making Starshot's in-browser feature composition a reality with Chris Wells and Leslie Glynn.

Automatic software installs and updates could be dangerous if the sources are not validated properly. Composer creator Nils Adermann teams up with Tim Lehnen and Christopher Gervais to explain solutions to this problem that will make Drupal project installation secure in Supply Chain Security in Drupal and Composer.

Drupal CMS will ship with Gin as the default administration team. Sascha Eggenberger will update us in Gin Admin Theme - Road to stable. But there is a lot more to figure out about the admin UI. Jen Witkowski and Stephanie Ganzer will provide insight into The Admin UI Redesign Process so we can see what more is to come.

In some cases, involving targeted AI solutions results in much faster user benefits compared to redesigning user interfaces. James Abrahams and Marcus Johansson will showcase AI innovation in Using Drupal’s AI module to power your Drupal websites and potential plans for Starshot.

Much anticipated and also much newer is the Experience Builder Initiative which aims to provide a modern experience building tool for Drupal and is planned to eventually ship with Drupal CMS as well. Lauri Eskola will update us on progress and future goals.

In Building the future of Drupal: 11, 12 and Starshot Gábor Hojtsy and Tim Plunkett will show how the different software packages are connected and build on top of each other, providing a closer look at the technologies used and processes followed.

It is not enough to make the software easier to build with, we also aim to make it easier to try. Drupal.org will have an in-browser trial experience to make Drupal easier to explore. Matt Glaman will provide a peek at the technology powering this in The Web APIs powering the Starshot trial experience.

Functionality to be built for Drupal CMS are divided in Starshot Initiative Tracks that are exploring options and building recipes to provide key features to users. The Drupal Initiative Leads keynote will explore how these tracks approached their areas, the research they did and the results they came up with.

These were only the sessions, there will be even more discussions (BoFs) and working groups (in the contribution room) that you can join. It is not too late to buy your DrupalCon Barcelona ticket, the regular ticket pricing ends at the end of August 19th. Buy your ticket now and see you there!

Setting up WordPress with Docker is a powerful way to streamline your web development process. Docker allows you to create isolated environments, ensuring that your WordPress site runs consistently across different systems.

Whether you're a developer looking to standardize your workflow or a beginner eager to explore WordPress, using Docker can simplify the installation and management of your site. In this guide, we’ll walk you through the step-by-step process of setting up WordPress with Docker, enabling you to get your site up and running quickly and efficiently.

Docker

Docker is open-source software that helps us to run the container or which provides us with a containerized platform. In simple, Docker is very famous and widely used.